Grounded Generalized Impedance Converter Based on Differential VoltageCurrent Conveyor (DVCC) and its Applications

The inductor is a required element in circuit designs and it can be used in many analog circuits such as LC ladder filters, LC oscillators, phase shifter, tuned amplifiers and impedance matching circuitry. Therefore, in recent years, synthetic simulated inductance, frequency-dependent negative resistor (FDNR) that can be used instead of the bulky grounded and floating inductors in passive ladder filters. So, in this seminar, a topology for the realization of grounded generalized impedance converter (GIC) is presented. The GIC can also be used in the realization of grounded inductor or FDNR elements depending on the passive component selection. The proposed topology consists of a pair of differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) and three grounded passive elements, which makes it suitable for integrated circuit implementation. The circuit offers attractive features, such as there is no need to another type active building block, independent tuning of quality factor and central frequency, all grounded passive components, and low passive sensitivities. The circuit performance are depicted through PSPICE simulations, which show good agreement to theoretical anticipation. Some applications are included to confirm the usability of the proposed topology.