Numerical Analysis of Natural Convection of Ferric Oxide-Water Nanofluid Flow in a Wavy Staggered Cavity Energized by a Chemical Exothermic Reaction

Over the last 28 years, numerous investigations have been conducted to enhance common fluids, such as ferric oxide-water nanofluid. In this study, we examine the time-dependent natural convection of such nanofluid under the influence of exothermic reactions, utilizing Finite Element Method. The key governing parameters considered include Ra (103 -105 ), Ha (0-60), Fk (0-4), enclosure wavelength (0-3 waves), magnetic field inclination angle (0o -90o ), and nanoparticle volume fraction (0-0.08). Our findings show that the mean Nusselt number (Nu) increases by 142.85% for Ha=12, � =0.02, and Fk=1 at 5 seconds when Ra is increased to 10⁵ in conjunction with double-wave active walls. Furthermore, when there is no magnetic field, increasing Fk from 0 to 4 results in a 76.12% rise in Nuavg for Ra=10⁵ and � =0.04. When the volume percentage of nanoparticles is increased from 0 to 0.08, the heat transmission increases by 16.34% for Ra=10⁵ and Fk=1. This study reveals complex relationships between operating parameters and offers insightful views for the development of systems including exothermic reactions, thermal behavior, and nanofluid dynamics. This work offers recommendations for enhancing thermal systems incorporating nanofluids by shedding light on the intricate interactions between exothermic processes, magnetic fields, and nanoparticle dynamics.