Effect of Vitamin D supplement on the Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients Pith Type 2 Diabetes in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Hypovitaminosis D has been observed in all ethnicities and age groups worldwide. Beyond its role
in bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis, there is abundant evidence showing that there is a link between
vitamin D and major pathological conditions such as cancer, type II diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disease, and
various inflammatory disorders. Decreasing risks of these diseases involve the supplementation of vitamin D3 on
daily doses at its normal level. This research focused on the role of vitamin D3 supplement on the level of
glycated hemoglobin and hs-CRP and its impact on reducing risks of cardiovascular disease in type-2 diabetic
vitamin D deficient patients. Methods:The study sample consisted of 91 patients (17 males and 74 females). For
a period of 14 weeks, they received daily supplementation with 5000 IU added to their other treatment regimens.
Before and after supplementation with vitamin D3, data on the patients’ anthropometric characteristics were
collected and analyzed. Body mass index was measured. Afterwards, fasting venous blood samples were taken
from the patients for investigation of, HbA1c, FBS, lipid profile, fasting serum insulin (mU/L), amylin (pg/ml),
C-peptide (ng/ml), TNF-a,IL6, and hs-CRP. TG/HDL-c, and the homeostasis model of assessments of insulin
resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Results:The current study was carried out on 91 patients withtype-2
diabetes. Fourteen weeks of supplementation with vitamin D resulted in sharp amelioration in vitamin D level
which in turn led to a significant decrease in the level of HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP,
waist circumference (WC), BMI, TG and TG/HDL-c ratio. While, a non-significant drop in HOMA-IR, Total
cholesterol, and LDL-c. It also resulted in significant improvement in the level of fasting insulin, C-peptide, and
HDL-c, and non-significant improvement in amylin. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation significantly
decreased percentage of glycated hemoglobin as well as the level of hs-CRP, which in turn results in reducing
cardiovascular disease risks in type-2 diabetic vitamin D deficient patients.