Increased Resistance of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Streptococcus species against Selective Antimicrobial Agents within two Years Interval

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is the phenomenon where a medication loses its efficacy in inhibiting bacterial growth. Bacteria develop resistance and proliferate in the presence of therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics. Bacteria that continue to reproduce in the presence of antibiotics are referred to as resistant bacteria. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance was noted quickly following the introduction of novel antibacterial agents. Antibiotic resistance can arise by natural selection, when bacteria are endowed by nature with varying degrees of inherent low-level resistance. Aim: To compare the bacterial resistance toward selective antimicrobial agents between two different occasions with two years interval. Objectives: To assess antibacterial resistance toward certain antibacterial agents in specified types of infections, to assess antibacterial resistance toward certain antibacterial agents in the same specified types of infections after two years and compare the extent of antibacterial resistance during this period for the demographic population of interest. Design and Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective study, Data of (195) patients in 2018 and of (315) patients in 2020 were taken, the antimicrobial resistance was considered by the culture and sensitivity tests. Results: There is significant decrease in the percentage of resistance of the Pseudomonas Aeruginosa against vancomycin in 2020 compared to the cases taken in 2018 (P < 0.05). there is significant increase in the percentage of resistance of the Streptococcus species against vancomycin in 2020 (P < 0.05), against azithromycin (P < 0.05) and against ampicillin (P < 0.05) compared to the cases taken in 2018. Conclusions: The current investigation reveals a significant level of antibacterial resistance among the agents examined, as evidenced by their resistance to antibacterial drugs from several pharmacological categories. The rate of resistance has significantly increased due to a rapid surge in resistance within a relatively little timeframe.