Isolation of Esculetin and Umbelliferone from Viola Odorata Cultivated in Iraq

Abstract—Viola odorata is a species of the viola family, may be found naturally occurring over Europe and Asia. This little plant is tough and perennially herbaceous. It's also known as sweet violet and English violet. There are several medicinal uses for this flowering plant, including anticancer, antibacterial, inflammation., antioxidant activity and antipyretic activity. The phytochemical studies of Viola odorata different parts resulted in identification and isolation of different chemical constituents such as Coumarins, caffeic acid, methyl salicylate, flavonoids (Quercetin, kaempferol), glycosides (Rutin) and terpenoids (stigma sterol). Coumarins are an important natural phenolic compounds of the family of benzopyrone. Coumarin's basic structure consists of a pyrone ring fused with a benzene ring. Umbelliferone and esculetin are the most common simple coumarins in nature. Coumarins become an attractive backbone drugs with innovative impacts on illnesses and reduced side effects on healthy cells. Anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and other biological properties are among those attributed to coumarins derivatives. In this study umbelliferone and esculetin of Viola odorata were isolated by PTLC and the structures of isolated umbelliferone and esculetin are elucidated by FTIR, 1 H-NMR and 13C-NMR.