Effect of Propolis on the Isolated Bacterial Infection on Covid-19 Patients in Erbil city- Iraq

Abstract—Background: One of the valuable products which produced by honey bees from plant resinous materials is Propolis, it has been widely used in traditional herbal medicine as immune system proponent, and health aid. Recently, interest in the Propolis products has been noted worldwide, especially after COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from (50) of different source of COVID-19 patients by using sterile disposable container who were admitted to Emergency Management Center (EMC for covid19) in Erbil city. The identification of bacterial isolates through microbiological method standards were performed after clinical samples had been cultured. Different concentration started from forty μl of propolis ethanol extract (1500, μg/ml) had been aseptically casted into each well on inoculated plates. Results: From the total isolates, 39 of sample where confirmed as positive culture, while 11 samples where confirmed as negative culture. Out of 39 bacterial isolates, gram positive bacteria were seven isolates while gram negative bacteria were thirty two isolates. The most frequent etiological agents isolate as gram negative-bacteria from covid 19 patients was Klebsiella spp followed E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. The most common gram- positive pathogen bacteria species were S. aureus. The results showed that there was no methicillin resistant Staphylococci in our study, while (ESBL) production in enterobacterace family was notably high. However, propolis extract used for each species of isolates high concentration of propolis gave the most effective antimicrobial results. Conclusion: Statistically analysis showed that there are differences between different concentrations of Propolis extract used for each species of isolates.