Biological Activity Assessment and GC–MS Screening of Phytoconstituents in Dentella Repens Leaf Methanolic Extract

Dentella Repens (L.) J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., a member of the Rubiaceae family, is renowned for its therapeutic properties. Aim: This research pursued to examine the phytoconstituents and assess the biological activities of the Dentella repens Leaf Methanolic Extract (DLME). Material and Methods: In vitro experiments were carried to evaluate its anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, and antioxidant potential. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of phytochemicals, along with fingerprint analysis using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), were performed. Results: Our findings demonstrated the occurrence of phenolics, glycosides, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and alkaloids in the methanolic leaf extract of Dentella repens. The total phenolic content (TPC) was found to be 0.152 ± 0.012 mg GAE/g dry sample, while the total flavonoid content (TFC) 2.9 ± 0.42 mg rutin equivalent/g dry sample. GC-MS analysis identified sixty-four therapeutic compounds, including 1-amino-2,6- dimethylpiperidine, phytol, and omega-3 arachidonic acid methyl ester. The extract displayed significant anti-inflammatory action (IC50 61.94 g/mL) by inhibiting protein denaturation and remarkable antioxidant action evaluated through DPPH and ABTS assays (IC50 481.82 μg/mL and 46.15 μg/ml, respectively). Regarding antihelmintic activity, earthworms exhibited paralysis after 70–90 minutes and mortality after 110–120 minutes when exposed to the extract. Conclusions:These outcomes demonstrate the prospective of the DLME in possessing phytoconstituents with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antihelmintic activities. Supplementary research is warranted to elucidate the phytoconstituents of D. repens for potential inclusion in drug formulations targeting various human diseases.