The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa And the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study

Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen and Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi and Khanali, Javad and Heidari-Foroozan, Mahsa and Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi and Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza and Rezazadeh-Khadem, Sahba and Rezaei, Negar and Shobeiri, Parnian and Esfahani, Zahra and Rezaei, Nazila and Mokdad, Ali H. and Naghavi, Mohsen and Larijani, Bagher and Farzadfar, Farshad and Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen and Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi and Khanali, Javad and Heidari-Foroozan, Mahsa and Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi and Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza and Rezazadeh-Khadem, Sahba and Rezaei, Negar and Shobeiri, Parnian and Esfahani, Zahra and Rezaei, Nazila and Aali, Amirali and Abd-Elsalam, Sherief and Abdoun, Meriem and Absalan, Abdorrahim and Abu-Gharbieh, Eman and Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME. and Abu-Zaid, Ahmed and Ahmadi, Ali and Ahmadi, Sepideh and Ahmed, Ayman and Rashid, Tarik Ahmed and Ajami, Marjan and Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa and Al Hamad, Hanadi and Alalwan, Tariq A. and Alhabib, Khalid F. and Alimohamadi, Yousef and Alipour, Vahid and Aljunid, Syed Mohamed and Alomari, Mahmoud A. and Alqahatni, Saleh A. and Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. and Aminian Dehkordi, Javad Javad and Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad and Amiri, Sohrab and Anvari, Davood and Arabloo, Jalal and Arulappan, Judie and Arumugam, Ashokan and Aryan, Zahra and Athar, Mohammad and Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin and Avan, Abolfazl and Azadnajafabad, Sina and Azari, Samad and Azizi, Hosein and Baghcheghi, Nayereh and Bagheri, Nader and Bagherieh, Sara and Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin and Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth and Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. and Bouaoud, Souad and Butt, Muhammad Hammad and Campos, Luciana Aparecida and Chitheer, Abdulaal and Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza Darvishi and Darwesh, Aso Mohammad and Djalalinia, Shirin and Dodangeh, Milad and El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa and Elbarazi, Iffat and Elhadi, Muhammed and El-Huneidi, Waseem and Ezzeddini, Rana and Fareed, Mohammad and Farrokhpour, Hossein and Fatehizadeh, Ali and Galali, Yaseen and Ghaderi, Amir and Ghafourifard, Mansour and Nour, Mohammad Ghasemi and Ghashghaee, Ahmad and Gholamalizadeh, Maryam and Goleij, Pouya and Golitaleb, Mohamad and Habibzadeh, Parham and Hafezi-Nejad, Nima and Halwani, Rabih and Hasani, Hamidreza and Hashemian, Maryam and Hassan, Amr and Hassanipour, Soheil and Hassankhani, Hadi and Hezam, Kamal and Homayounfar, Reza and Hosseini, Seyed Kianoosh and Hosseini, Kaveh and Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi and Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh and Jaafari, Jalil and Jahrami, Haitham and Jamshidi, Elham and Javaheri, Tahereh and Jayapal, Sathish Kumar and Kabir, Ali and Karimi, Amirali and Kaydi, Neda and Keykhaei, Mohammad and Khader, Yousef Saleh and Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif and Khan, Moien A.B. and Khan, Kashif Ullah and Khan, Yusra H. and Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad and Kompani, Farzad and Koohestani, Hamid Reza and Kuddus, Mohammed and Lasrado, Savita and Lee, Sang-woong and Mahjoub, Soleiman and Mahmoodpoor, Ata and Mahmoudi, Elham and Rad, Elaheh Malakan and Malih, Narges and Malik, Ahmad Azam and Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain and Manla, Yosef and Mansouri, Borhan and Mansournia, Mohammad Ali and Mardi, Parham and Marjani, Abdoljalal and Masoudi, Sahar and Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi and Menezes, Ritesh G. and Mevsim, Vildan and Mohammad, Yousef and Mohammadi, Mokhtar and Mohammadi, Esmaeil and Mohammadifard, Noushin and Mohammed, Arif and Momtazmanesh, Sara and Montazeri, Fateme and Moradi, Maryam and Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Morovatdar, Negar and Murray, Christopher J.L. and Natto, Zuhair S. and Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria and Nowroozi, Ali and Oladnabi, Morteza and Bali, Ahmed Omar and Omer, Emad and Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki and Pezzani, Raffaele and Langroudi, Ashkan Pourabhari and Rafiei, Sima and Rahimi, Mehran and Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa and Rahmani, Shayan and Rahmani, Amir Masoud and Rahmanian, Vahid and Rao, Chythra R. and Rashedi, Sina and Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi and Rawassizadeh, Reza and Mohamed Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa and Rezaee, Malihe and Rezaei, Maryam and Riahi, Seyed Mohammad and Roshandel, Gholamreza and Saad, Aly and Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed and Sabour, Siamak and Sabzmakan, Leila and Saddik, Basema and Sadeghi, Erfan and Sadeghian, Saeid and Sahebkar, Amirhossein and Saki, Morteza and Salahi, Saina and Salahi, Sarvenaz and Farrokhi, Amir Salek and Salem, Marwa Rashad and Salimzadeh, Hamideh and Samy, Abdallah M. and Sarrafzadegan, Nizal and Sathian, Brijesh and Shafeghat, Melika and Shah, Syed Mahboob and Shah, Jaffer and Shahbandi, Ataollah and Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba and Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran and Shanawaz, Mohd and Sharafi, Kiomars and Sharifi-Rad, Javad and Shetty, Jeevan K. and Varniab, Zahra Shokri and Shorofi, Seyed Afshin and Siabani, Soraya and Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh and Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha and Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir and Tabish, Mohammad and Taheri, Majid and Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri and Soodejani, Moslem Taheri and Taherkhani, Amir and Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash and Temsah, Mohamad-Hani and Tigabu, Bereket M. and Vakilian, Alireza and Vaziri, Siavash and Vo, Bay and Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh and Yigit, Arzu and Yiğit, Vahit and Zahir, Mazyar and Zaman, Burhan Abdullah and Zamanian, Maryam and Zangiabadian, Moein and Zare, Iman and Zareshahrabadi, Zahra and Mokdad, Ali H. and Naghavi, Mohsen and Larijani, Bagher and Farzadfar, Farshad (2023) The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa And the Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study. eClinicalMedicine, 60: 102022. ISSN 25895370

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the trends of exposure and burden attributable to the four main metabolic risk factors, including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body-mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL) in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2019. The data were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Summary exposure value (SEV) was used for risk factor exposure. Burden attributable to each risk factor was incorporated in the population attributable fraction to estimate the total attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). While age-standardized death rate (ASDR) attributable to high-LDL and high-SBP decreased by 26.5% (18.6–35.2) and 23.4% (15.9–31.5) over 1990–2019, respectively, high-BMI with 5.1% (−9.0–25.9) and high-FPG with 21.4% (7.0–37.4) change, grew in ASDR. Moreover, age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high-LDL and high-SBP declined by 30.2% (20.9–39.0) and 25.2% (16.8–33.9), respectively. The attributable age-standardized DALY rate of high-BMI with 8.3% (−6.5–28.8) and high-FPG with 27.0% (14.3–40.8) increase, had a growing trend. Age-standardized SEVs of high-FPG, high-BMI, high-SBP, and high-LDL increased by 92.4% (82.8–103.3), 76.0% (58.9–99.3), 10.4% (3.8–18.0), and 5.5% (4.3–7.1), respectively. The burden attributed to high-SBP and high-LDL decreased during the 1990–2019 period in the region, while the attributable burden of high-FPG and high-BMI increased. Alarmingly, exposure to all four risk factors increased in the past three decades. There has been significant heterogeneity among the countries in the region regarding the trends of exposure and attributable burden. Urgent action is required at the individual, community, and national levels in terms of introducing effective strategies for prevention and treatment that account for local and socioeconomic factors.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Global Burden of Disease, Metabolic Risk Factors, High Systolic Blood Pressure, High Fasting Plasma Glucose, High Body-Mass Index, High-LDL, North Africa and The Middle East
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Divisions:	Department of Nutrition > Research papers
Depositing User:	ePrints Depositor
Date Deposited:	31 Oct 2024 11:02
Last Modified:	31 Oct 2024 11:02
URI:	https://eprints.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/id/eprint/2136

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